Plumbing

Plumbing is the system of pipes, drains, fittings, valves, and fixtures installed for the distribution of potable water for drinking, heating and washing, and waterborne waste removal.

Water Supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Irrigation is covered separately.

Gravity Distribution
Advantages : 1- No energy costs. 2- Low maintenance cost. 3- No sudden pressure change.

Disadvantages : 1- Less flexible for Future Extension. 2- Demands longer pipes. 3- It can not supply more than 4-5 floors.

Direct Pumping
Advantages : 1- Increasing pressure for fire protection.

Disadvantages : 1- Complicated Operation and maintenance. 2- Dependent on reliable power supply.

Branching System(Tree)
Advantages : 1- Simple to Design and Build. 2- Less Expensive than other Systems.

Disadvantages : 1- The large number of dead ends which results a bacterial growth. 2- Hard to maintain. 3- The pressure at the end of the line would become undesirable low.

Grid System(Looped)
Advantages : 1-The Grid system overcomes all of the difficulties of the branching system. 2-No Dead ends. 3-Water can reach a given point from a several directions.

Disadvantages : 1- Hydraulically far more complicated than the Branching System. 2- Expensive.

Types of Storage

 * 1) Underground Storing:Provides constant pressure with no pressure difference but its more Expensive.Some times, they combine the upper storing method with the under ground method so they can get the advantages of the both.
 * 2) in between storing:This method usually used at the high buildings and skyscrapers, when these buildings needs to serve the upper floors.
 * 3) Upper storing:Less power needed and constant pressure, with the disadvantage of pressure difference and not being Aesthetic or appealing to human Eye.

Drainage
Storm Water:Storm water is water that originates during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. Storm water can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies. We can invest in storm water by collecting it till we need it, rather than just let it go to waste.